Description

The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus Fragaria, collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. The fruit is widely appreciated for its characteristic aroma, bright red color, juicy texture, and sweetness. It is consumed in large quantities, either fresh or in such prepared foods as jam, juice, pies, ice cream, milkshakes, and chocolates. Artificial strawberry flavorings and aromas are also widely used in products such as candy, soap, lip gloss, perfume, and many others.

The garden strawberry was first bred in Brittany, France, in the 1750s via a cross of Fragaria virginiana from eastern North America and Fragaria chiloensis, which was brought from Chile by Amédée-François Frézier in 1714. Cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa have replaced, in commercial production, the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.

From a botanical point of view, the strawberry is not a berry but an aggregate accessory fruit, meaning that the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's ovaries but from the receptacle that holds the ovaries. Each apparent "seed" (achene) on the outside of the fruit is actually one of the ovaries of the flower, with a seed inside it.

In 2019, world production of strawberries was nine million tons, led by China with 40% of the total.

Whole Genomes

Whole Genome Sequences & Annotations for Fragaria x ananassa

• Fragaria x ananassa ASM3437058v1

S genes

Fragaria S genes Nucleotide

• Fragaria viridis cultivar 42 Sa-RNase mRNA, complete cds
• Fragaria viridis cultivar 42 Sb-RNase mRNA, complete cds
• Fragaria nipponica S-RNase mRNA, complete cds

Fragaria S genes Protein

• Fragaria viridis cultivar 42 Sa-RNase protein
• Fragaria viridis cultivar 42 Sb-RNase protein
• Fragaria nipponica S-RNase protein
• Fragaria nipponica S-RNase2 protein
• Fragaria nipponica S-RNase3 protein

Downloads

The Fragaria S gene sequences are available in FASTA format.

CDS and Protein (FASTA file)

S-gene_Fragaria

Publications

Song Y, Peng Y, Liu L, Li G, Zhao X, Wang X, Cao S, Muyle A, Zhou Y, Zhou H. Phased gap-free genome assembly of octoploid cultivated strawberry illustrates the genetic and epigenetic divergence among subgenomes. Hortic Res. 2023 Nov 27;11(1):uhad252. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhad252.

Edger PP, Poorten TJ, VanBuren R, Hardigan MA, Colle M, McKain MR, Smith RD, Teresi SJ, Nelson ADL, Wai CM, Alger EI, Bird KA, Yocca AE, Pumplin N, Ou S, Ben-Zvi G, Brodt A, Baruch K, Swale T, Shiue L, Acharya CB, Cole GS, Mower JP, Childs KL, Jiang N, Lyons E, Freeling M, Puzey JR, Knapp SJ. Origin and evolution of the octoploid strawberry genome. Nat Genet. 2019 Mar;51(3):541-547. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0356-4.

Lee HE, Manivannan A, Lee SY, Han K, Yeum JG, Jo J, Kim J, Rho IR, Lee YR, Lee ES, Kang BC, Kim DS. Chromosome Level Assembly of Homozygous Inbred Line 'Wongyo 3115' Facilitates the Construction of a High-Density Linkage Map and Identification of QTLs Associated With Fruit Firmness in Octoploid Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Front Plant Sci. 2021 Jul 14;12:696229. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.696229.

Mao J, Wang Y, Wang B, Li J, Zhang C, Zhang W, Li X, Li J, Zhang J, Li H, Zhang Z. High-quality haplotype-resolved genome assembly of cultivated octoploid strawberry. Hortic Res. 2023 Jan 4;10(1):uhad002. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhad002.